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(PDF) The Other Binary: Why Japan-North Korea Relations Matter | Linus Hagström –

 

Another difference is odour; a sheen produced by bacteria usually has none, while a sheen caused by a spilled petroleum product may smell like gasoline or diesel fuel. An oily substance spotted on Kamloops rivers is caused by a reaction between bacteria and minerals in the water.

It is born, however, of nature. KTW earlier reported concerns of a Westsyde resident, who spotted the sheen on the North Thompson River and contacted this newspaper with concerns due to its proximity to the Trans Mountain pipeline.

The substance could be seen on a half-kilometre stretch of the river banks between Overlander Drive and Harrington Road in Westsyde. Trans Mountain said the substance did not originate from its pipeline and an investigation has since confirmed that. Environment and Climate Change Canada said enforcement officers conducted an inspection to determine if the river had been polluted.

The Indigenous Peoples March on D. The march is expected to get underway at p. Digipen Academy students presented their video game projects Thursday night before judges and parents at Sa-Hali secondary. During the day, students had their games tested by their peers. Developers Parker Reed second from left Nicholas Giesbrecht, Korbin Kjolby and Jeff Condon not pictured used the Unity software program to design the game, in which players shoot tacos and tumbleweeds.

He fears those jobs could now end up filled in the Lower Mainland. I am very,. Council heard last week City Hall is nearing the end of its life. Legal solutions with you in mind. Your experienced and trusted family law and criminal law professionals.

Tucker in our next online auction. Proceeds from the sale of these two paintings will benefit the Osoyoos Desert Society. Bid at www. Douglas E. Tucker Boulder Creek oil on linen 20 x 16 framed.

The alleged incidents were made public on Twitter by Deidre Olsen, who was hired by Cannabis Culture but did not end up taking the job. Emery owned Cannabis Culture in downtown Vancouver but said ownership was transferred to his wife Jodie Emery in In an interview Thursday, Olsen, a journalist now living in Toronto, said she was traumatized by sexually suggestive emails that Emery had sent her in the past.

She alleges it was common at Cannabis Culture for Emery to invite girls as young as 15 to sit on his lap and smoke weed. Olsen alleges Emery made unwanted sexual advances. She said his stories of sexual exploits made her extremely uncomfortable. Olsen said many of the young women were homeless or from poor backgrounds who desperately needed the job. I came from a good home had a very loving mother who pulled me out [of Cannabis Culture. He adds that he is sexually outspoken but denies that he ever had sex with anyone who was underage.

I do write provocative things. I do talk about sex and in the old days 15 years ago I used to write about sex, but I have never ever had sex with anyone under The allegations include that Emery gave young women inappropriate back-rubs and spoke about sexual exploits that made staff uncomfortable. He claims he was affectionate with Olsen but never asked her for sex while she worked at Cannabis Culture.

She was killed and her husband was severely beaten after Sidhu travelled to India to marry the man her family did not consider acceptable. September when their trip was halted in Toronto when defence lawyers filed a lastminute application for a judicial review.

Last month, the B. Court of Appeal denied their requests for a stay of proceedings and a judicial review. Much more to explore at the CanneryTradeCentre including restaurants, bakery, award-winning brewery, design services, builders, and fitness. Make a day of it! Respect for all people.

Building strong relationships. Excellent customer service. These are just some of the values that guide our business. TD Waterhouse Canada Inc. Sale Price includes all manufacturer incentives, but does not include Freight, PDI, Vehicle Processing, tire levy and taxes or any applicable finance charges.

See your Ski-Doo dealer for details. The terms and depending on your are subject to termination or change time without notice. Rebate amount province depends on theand model these purchased. Rebate amount depends on the model capital and interest. The total a credit charges for the whole term dealer. While quantities last. BRP cannot be responsible of any financing authorized by the Federation during this promotion.

See your BRP dealer for more details. Incentives if any will be deducted from negotiated selling price before taxes. Where the financed amount also includes taxes snowmobiles excluding racing models and units sold under the Spring Fever promotion purchased, delivered and registered between January 5, to January 31, The terms and conditions may vary depending your province approval.

All other conditions and restrictions apply. No down payment required. LOW Offer may be combined with certain offers, is subject change and and these offers are subject to termination or change at any time without notice. Unit may not be exactly as shown. Other financing offers are available.

Conditions may apply. See dealer for details. Rebate amount depends on the model purchased. Offer valid January 5 — 31, frominclusive. No Down Payment No Payment for 12 months, then 4. Other conditions and restrictions apply. All Rates are subject to termination or change at any time without notice.

Neither BRP nor its subsidiaries or affiliates shall be held responsible for the freightof and inspection if applicable. See an authorized BRP dealer for details. Promotions are subject to termination or change at any time without notice. Dealer may sell for less. Where the financed amount also or other sums, the amount or combined with any other offer unless expressly stated herein. Offer void where restricted or otherwise prohibited by law.

BRP reserves the right, at any time, to discontinue or change specifications, prices, designs, features, models or All other conditions and restrictions apply.

Offer valid January 5 — 31, Unit inclusive. Always ride responsibly and safely and wear appropriate clothing, including a helmet. Please observe applicable laws and regulations. All pricing based on manufacturer suggested retail price MSRP and includes freight and dealer inspection charges if applicable. Dealer may for less. Other conditions restrictions AllsellRates subject to termination oroffers, change atto any may be extended or terminated without further notice.

This financing is without notice. Offer may not be assigned, traded, sold or combined with any other offer unless expressly stated herein. Neither BRP nor its subsidiaries or affiliates shall be held responsible for the where restricted or otherwise prohibited by law. BRP reserves the right, at any time, to discontinue or change specifications, prices, designs, features, models or equipment without incurring any obligation.

BRP reserves the right, at any time, to discontinue or change specifications, prices, designs, features, models or labelling on your snowmobile. Please observe equipment without incurring any obligation. Price excludes applicable taxes, interest and lender fees. As a result of prevailing rules that determined Indian status on the basis of male lineage, their daughter was ineligible for registration as an Indian.

As a result, neither McIvor nor her siblings were deemed to be Indians because their ineligible mother married a non-Indian. McIvor would also marry a non-Indian and had three children, including Grismer.

The federal government changed the Indian Act in in response to complaints and various court decisions in an effort to address the overt gender discrimination. Indian status to her son, who also married a non-Indian, but no status to her grandchildren. Her brother, on the other hand, can pass on full status to his children as well as his grandchildren. McIvor and Grismer countered. Amazingly, she suffered only cuts and bruises. The heavy Yamaha tore down a glass chandelier, busted up a table and several chairs and almost went through a window on the other side of the house, where Louise was sitting.

While the changes have improved the situation, they argued they are still victimized. The committee ruled that Canada must remove the discrimination and ensure all First Nations women and their descendants are granted status on the same footing as First Nations men and their descendants.

In response to the ruling, the government called elimination of all sex-based discrimination from the Indian Act a priority, and said it was doing so through Bill S Participating lenders are subject to change. Rates from other lenders will vary. License, insurance, registration, PPSA, applicable taxes and dealer fees not included.

Dealers are free to set individual prices. Limited time offer which may not be combined with certain other offers. General Motors of Canada Company GM Canada may modify, extend or terminate offers for any reason, in whole or in part, at any time, without notice. Conditions and limitations apply. As part of the transaction, dealer may request documentation and contact GM Canada to verify eligibility. These offers may not be redeemed for cash and may not be combined with certain other consumer incentives.

Void where prohibited. See Dealer for full program details. Excludes other GM vehicles. Fuel consumption estimates based on GM testing in accordance with Government of Canada approved test methods. Refer to vehicles. Your actual fuel consumption may vary.

Requires compatible smartphone and data plan rates apply. HALIFAX — Canadian officials are condemnNational ing the killers of a Halifax mining executive praised as a muchloved family man and highly talented geologist with a knack for spotting producing mines.

The geologist had been kidnapped a day earlier by gunmen as he worked on a gold mining project, but officials have not yet identified the kidnappers, Badoum said. Woodman was vice-president of exploration for Progress Minerals, according to social media. Iain Black, board of trade president and CEO, says the organization is delighted with the appearance. Obama, who was elected 44th U. Tickets to the Vancouver appearance will be offered to board members first, but any remaining tickets will be made available to the general public on Feb.

Board chair Lori Mathison said B. The Kamloops Exploration Group wants to publish your drawing!! Get out your creative skills and draw a picture of anything to do with the mining and exploration industry! One lucky student will win a pizza party for their class and their picture published in colour in the Annual KEG Directory!

Contest closes January 25th, In a rare interview with Canadian journalists, Lu also told Prime Minister Justin Trudeau to back off recruiting interna-. Canada detained her in Vancouver on Dec. She is out on bail and faces extradition proceedings.

But I can only speak defin- between Russia. European Union countries were stepping up preparations for a disorderly British exit on March 29 after the U. Lawmakers threw out the deal Tuesday, in a crushing defeat for May, who suffered the worst parliamentary defeat in modern British history.

Unionist Party. The government confirmed that May will meet a Monday deadline to publish a Plan B, and that lawmakers will have a full day to debate it — and, crucially, amend it — on Jan. Lawmakers threw out the May so far has showed deal Tuesday, in amajor crushing little inclination to make who changesdefeat to her for dealMay, or lift hersuffered the worst insistence thatparliamentary Brexit means defeat in modern Britishmarket history.

Many lawmakers think a softer departure that retained single market or customs union membership is the only plan capable of winning a majority in Parliament. Car bomb kills 10 outside Car police bomb kills 10 outside police academy in Colombian capital academy in Colombian capital You thought you knew your family… Two very different sisters — one a Kamloopsian — meet at their childhood home to pack their cantankerous mother off to a retirement community.

In an already fraught situation, an old high school crush comes to visit bearing wine, charm… and a big surprise. Videos circulating on social media show panicked officers hauling injured colleagues on stretchers with debris and body parts strewn in front of red tileroofed cadet barracks.

In the distance, the skeletal steel remains of the truck used in the attack can be seen still burning while approaching ambulances blare. President Ivan Duque rushed back to the capital with his top military advisers from a visit. A prosecutor said a yearold man named Jose Aldemar Rojas, driving a Nissan pick-up loaded with 80 kilograms of pentolite, carried out the attack. The defence ministry said 10 people were killed and another 66 injured. That could change this year.

They will be reseeded based on a ratings-percentage-index statistic, with the top four teams receiving first-round byes and the fifth-, sixth, seventh- and eighth-seeded teams hosting Round 1 play-in series. TRU is tied for 11th in Canada West standings, but well within striking distance of seventh place and achieving an RPI worthy of hosting a play-in series.

Davis saw two minutes of action in that game and the only thing he racked up was a personal foul. Both now key cogs, they want to feel the buzz of home-court advantage in the playoffs — and they know this upcoming homestand will make or break that goal.

Game time is 7 p. Regina is sixth in league standings, eight points ahead of the Pack, but the Cougars will be wary of their opposition. TRU was one overtime defeat away from sweeping a two-game series against the Wesmen in Winnipeg last weekend. The WolfPack knocked off the Wesmen on Saturday. Nearly beating a top-five team twice in their home barn had to be great for confidence ahead of the stretch drive. Manitoba will be in town to play TRU on Jan.

WolfPack head coach Scott Clark, who led the team to its first and only berth at nationals in , is not looking that far ahead. The only thing we control is our preparation and what we do for the next game.

Jermaine Loewen appeared irritated, mumbling under his breath and shaking his head as he walked toward reporters. The fed-up captain has had enough. Loewen can see the standings. His time in this league is almost up. It happens quickly. He wants every one of his teammates to know that now, while there is still time to right the ship.

The Blazers, last in the Western Conference, were a defensive mess at times during the first period, with both individual and team gaffes leading to Moose Jaw goals. Tristin Langan capitalized on a Sean Strange turnover to give the visitors a lead at of the first period.

Kamloops equalized about three minutes later, when Connor Zary set up Brodi. Captain Jermaine Loewen wants more from his team. Stuart for his 13th goal of the campaign. Kobe Mohr spent 11 seconds in the penalty box for slashing. He finished the first period, but year-old Dylan Garand took over from there. I was not prepared to do that.

I thought he was doing the job for us. There was an ailment there. We erred on the side of caution. Vehicles may not be exactly as shown. Payments include Nitro warranty, taxes and applicable levies. See in-store for more details. D Wins were tough to come by for the Kamloops Storm in the early stages of the Kootenay International Junior Hockey League campaign, but they seem to have turned a corner. The additions of forward Hayden Hirsch and defenceman Jayden Castle, both 18, helped pace the Storm to a pair of weekend victories — over the visiting Chase Heat on Sunday and over the hometown Mile House Wranglers on Saturday.

It was almost robotic. It could have got ugly without our goaltending. He made 32 saves in victory against the Wranglers. Sangha is expecting another jolt to the lineup, with yearold defenceman Lucas Gaudet expected to join the Storm this week. Gaudet, Hirsch and Castle toiled for the. He arrived about three weeks ago. He was released and joined Kamloops last week.

The Storm, who are since the Christmas break, will play host to Summerland on Friday. The top four teams in the division will qualify for the postseason. We have to be on our game. The search is underway for his replacement. Applications are being accepted and the club is aiming to name his successor by early March. We are disappointed to lose him. The club received about. Five candidates were interviewed. We want to keep it going. The event returns on Sunday. Find your nearest Subaru dealer at western.

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Six parties, six perspectives. By doing so, this article deconstructs the more uniform understanding of power in that discourse and reveals a patchwork of incon- sistencies, differences and questions. Further, the contrast between the two countries is intriguing when their general policies toward regional multilateral institutions over the past decade are taken into account.

Both countries made a conspicuous shift in their attitudes toward regional multilateral institution- building, from negative and skeptical to positive and active. Asia, and especially East Asia, is singled out as a priority region.

North Korea, with which Japan has not yet normalized rela- tions, would therefore seem like an important starting point. How come develop- ment aid is not extended to that country? For Japan, the question of North Korea policy is made much more complicated by the nuclear issue and the abductions of Japanese citizens by North Korea.

Various domestic opinions and interest groups have to be taken into consideration as well as security interests and foreign pressure. This article uses I. Hughes Japan has often been dismissed by mainstream international relations and policy discourse as a bit-part actor in Korean Peninsula security affairs.

If ascribed any role at all, it is seen as a secondary and submissive actor, generally bending to US strategy and international systemic pressures.

This paper argues, however, that Japanese policy towards North Korea is now challenging these international systemic pressures, and threatening divergence with US policy. The paper highlights the changing disposition of a pluralistic range of do- mestic actors away from default engagement to default containment.

The conse- quence of these aggregate domestic pressures is that the Japanese government is finding it progressively harder to converge with US and international strategy to- wards North Korea. Japan is thus set to augment its influence in Korean Peninsula security affairs by becoming a more obstructive partner in attempts to find an inter- national resolution to the nuclear crisis. However, such analyses have not generated equivalent intellectual engagement with media representations of North Korea.

Considering how difficult it has been to obtain accurate information on North Korea, this relative paucity is surprising. I address this lacuna by analyzing the role of the Japanese media, particu- larly television, in generating public perceptions of North Korea. Why were audiences so receptive? How did television shape public opinion?

In answering these questions, rather than simply ob- serve that the abductions themselves have been the most important issue in Japan, or note that there have been temporary increases or decreases in Japanese media coverage of North Korea, I argue that television and other forms of mass media herded the public into a relatively constricted range of views through narrow, biased saturation coverage of the issue du jour.

An intersection of structural concentration, content isomorphism, malleable audiences and domestic policy conflicts allowed the media not only to set agendas, but to prime the audience and frame the presen- tation of information.

Public opinion, maintained by conservative political lobbies, viewer ratings responses and broadcasting strategies, ultimately constricted the gov- ernment policy agenda, range and choice in dealing with North Korea, generating very predictable behaviours. Robert E. Edited by Will Kymlicka and Baogang He. John R. By Peter J. Edited by William C. Kirby, Robert S. Ross and Gong Li. David L. By Xuanli Liao. Michael B. By Yongshun Cai. Edited by Neil J. Diamant, Stanely B. Lubman and Kevin J.

Pitman B. Bhalla and Shufang Qiu. Edited by Gerard A. By Adam Yuet Chau. By Higashinakano Shudo. By Zwia Lipkin. By Richard Belsky. Patterson Giersch. By Zheng Yangwen. By Scott Simon.

Lane J. By Jolan Hsieh. Edited by Yoichiro Sato and Satu Limaye. By Leonard J. Edited by Paul H. By Grant K. By William O. By Hazel Smith. Subrata K. By Aseema Sinha. Arthur G. By Rob Johnson. By Vatthana Pholsena. By Pavin Chachavalpongpun. By Benedict J. Tria Kerkvliet. Terry Rambo. By Virginia Morris with Clive Hills. Edwin E. By Andrew Preston. William J. By Steven C. Vicente L.

By James Siegel. By Simon Harrison. By Samuel P. King and Randall W. By Paige West. Holger Jebens. By John Pule and Nicholas Thomas. Nancy J. She recently contributed a chapter to T. Pempel and Ellis S.

Krauss, eds, Beyond Bilateralism: U. North Korea provides a number of issues in regards to which the other regional actors try to coordinate their policies.

Yet the literature analyzing the coordination of policy towards North Korea too often neglects aspects of the geostrategic context in which the nuclear drama is unfolding; diplomacy towards North Korea has been dissected predominantly from the viewpoint of US-North Korea relations. This binary focus is quite representative of international relations research in general, both in the post- Cold War era and earlier.

Here, just as in many other contexts, the role, stature and leadership of the United States is often simply taken for granted. The assumption of US power functions as the unquestioned background against which research is done, and upon which analysis is built.

In the sense that it possesses the greatest capability, the US may well be described as the most powerful state in the post-Cold War era. However, the limits of US power have recently been suggested by developments in Iraq, Iran and now North Korea, with the result that the extent of US power in concrete circumstances is a question that needs continuous elaboration.

The tendency not to scrutinize sufficiently the issue of US power in the literature on multilateral coordination of policy on North Korea is probably further emphasized by the fact that most books and articles addressing the topic are written from a distinctively—often rather myopic—US perspective, engaging mostly US- based scholars.

Ellings, eds. Kim, ed. Kim and Tai Hwan Lee, eds. In much of the mainstream academic literature and policy discourse on the problems involving North Korea, Japan is seen as an inferior and obedient participant. If it is ascribed a role at all, Tokyo is depicted as operating primarily to support US and South Korean initiatives towards the North, and generally yielding to US pressure, whether in the bilateral context or in multilateral ones.

The image of Japanese insignificance on the Korean Peninsula is also in line with the common interpretation of its foreign and security policies as curiously or intelligibly passive and reactive to the pressures of the international system. For books that purport to explain the limitations under which Japanese foreign policy labours, see Peter J.

More concretely, most of the articles concur on three points. Second, the articles agree that in academic terms, Japan is highly relevant to understanding the North Korea issue, or even international relations in general.

In particular, they suggest that recent instances of Japanese North Korea policy are representative of a Japan that is becoming a more assertive but less predictable security partner for the US and the regional community in dealing with North Korea. Much North Korea policy-related research takes the US angle as a starting point. In contrast, the articles included here mostly focus on the relationship between Japan and North Korea, and the domestic Japanese context is thus generally emphasized over the international context.

As a result of the binary focus, moreover, issues that are secondary to the Japan-North Korea relationship are also not investigated very thoroughly. Except for the abductions and foreign aid, the articles in this special issue are mostly concerned with matters related to the North Korean development of nuclear weapons and long-range missiles. Empirical background The remainder of this introduction continues to set the stage for the articles in this special issue.

This section does so by providing an empirical background to Japan-North Korea relations, in the context of great-power politics in Northeast Asia from the late s to the present. From hot wars to cold war The Korean Peninsula has long figured fatefully in the strategies of other actors in Northeast Asia. Since the late s, the Koreans have been the victims of a number of wars between external powers.

The struggle for suzerainty over Korea, for example, led to the Sino-Japanese War — Although Korea was declared independent as a result of the Chinese defeat, in reality the competition for control continued. Some ten years later, the Russo-Japanese War —05 broke out and Japanese forces shocked the world by defeating the old great power.

Japanese soldiers north of the 38th parallel in Korea capitulated to the Soviet Union, and those who were south of it surrendered to the US. The Koreans started to prepare themselves for freedom and independence, but the allied powers decided to administer the country for a period of five years. Since they could not agree on how to appoint an independent Korean government, the peninsula remained divided—a division that was cemented through the proclamation of the Republic of Korea ROK or South Korea and the DPRK in the fall of Both governments laid claim to the whole peninsula, and tensions between them became aggravated and ignited the Korean War in Fighting continued until , when an armistice agreement was reached.

Due to its central position within US policy for Northeast Asia, however, Japan became indirectly involved, and during the Korean War many US-led troops left for the battlefield from Japan. From the mids bilateral relations deteriorated again, and they grew even worse as a result of the North Korean bomb attack in Burma in , directed against the South Korean cabinet. In retaliation to sanctions imposed by Japan, the North Korean government detained and imprisoned two crew members from the Japanese fishing vessel Fujisanmaru, which had been captured in North Korean waters.

Peace and stability on the Korean Peninsula was the overall goal, but the government was probably also attracted by two other possibilities: 1 for Japanese companies to have access to a new market; and 2 for the crew of the Fujisanmaru to be released. In the Three-Party Joint Declaration issued after the talks, the Japanese side pledged to apologize for the period of colonial rule, to give economic compensation for the colonial and post periods, and to move towards the normalization of diplomatic relations.

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs MOFA was quick to point out that this was a party-to-party agreement and not at all binding on the Japanese government. In a meeting with President Roh, he promised that the normalization of relations between Tokyo and Pyongyang would be conditioned on South Korean consent and the peaceful resolution of the nuclear issue. The George H. The same year Seoul established relations with Beijing to the disappointment of the North Korean leadership.

Between January and November , eight rounds of normalization talks were also held between Japan and North Korea. The negotiations ultimately failed, for a number of reasons. Third, and most importantly for the current state of bilateral relations, it urged the North to provide reassurances about the safety of a Japanese citizen thought to have been abducted to North Korea and implicated in the bombing of a South Korean airliner in —the first of the abduction cases rachi jiken to emerge as a crucial bilateral problem.

At about the same time North Korean relations with South Korea and the IAEA were also tested: Pyongyang asserted that the IAEA inspections unequivocally proved the country to be innocent of the accusation that it was developing nuclear weapons.

Minor amendments to Zoning Bylaw that further restrict the construction of second or temporary dwellings on Agricultural Land Reserve ALR land, all to align with recent changes to provincial legislation. To rezone the north 3. All materials collected are transported off site for final processing or disposal. All persons who believe that their interest in property may be affected by the proposed Bylaw shall be afforded a reasonable opportunity to be heard at the Public Hearing.

Additionally, they may make written submissions on the matter of Bylaw via the options below which must be received at our office prior to p. The entire content of all submissions will be made public and form a part of the public record for this matter.

How do I get more information? A copy of the proposed Bylaw and all supporting information can be inspected from a. No representations will be received by the Board of Directors after the Public Hearing has been concluded.

Sadilkova, Director of Development Services. Cassie comes to us with 9 years of automotive experience. Come see Cassie for your next auto purchase. Featured this year will be Chevrolet Camaros. The event will begin at The Dunes in Kamloops golf course in Westsyde, where a pancake breakfast will be held from 9 a. Drivers will leave The Dunes at 1 p. Vehicles will arrive in the downtown park by about p. Parade vehicles are limited to the stock vintage variety, with no modified entries accepted.

For more information, call Dick Parkes at or Rich Vandermey at Paul United Church parking lot at Laburnum St. Participants can donate gently used bikes outgrown, under-used, kids or adult, but in good working order and pick out a new bike. The bike exchange will take place from 10 a. There will be a limited by supply and not everyone will be guaranteed a bike. Donation of bikes will take place between 10 a.

The sale will be held from 10 a. Items for sale will include paskas and babkas Easter breads , potato and cheddar cheese perogies, poppy seed rolls, cinnamon buns, beets and horseradish and sausage.

Those attending the informal meetings can have coffee, breakfast and talk about life and kidneys while sharing experiences. For more information, call Edna Humphreys at or Dorothy Drinnan at Stuff the cruiser Kamloops Mounties are asking the community to help them cram police cruisers with donations of food and cash for the Kamloops Food Bank.

The event will feature local and hand-. London Drugs is hosting a recycling day for Kamloops residents on Saturday. The event encourages Kamloops residents to responsibly recycle old house-. How sweet it was to see Kamloops oust Kelowna in front of a sold-out home crowd.

I think Kamloopsians just seem a bit more down to earth and genuinely interested in who their neighbours are, as opposed to what they drive. Of course there are exceptions and I have family and friends who are great people and live in Kelowna. They feel they have no other option than to check out the Ogopogo men, since they feel there is no inventory in the Tournament Capital.

This saddens me as I am a devoted shop local advocate. Seriously, guys, are we going to risk losing these wonderful women and let them drive two hours to meet a man who will most likely be late for his date because he was shining his sports car on the beach and spent a bit too much time looking in the rearview mirror and not at what was behind him on the road. Come on, fellas. I know you are out there. Residents are invited to drop off any of the following items at the London Drugs store, downtown at Lansdowne St.

Also accepted will be rechargeable batteries, alkaline batteries, compact fluorescent bulbs and fluorescent light tubes up to four-foot lengths, disposable cameras, metal film canisters, ink jet and laser printer cartridges, soft plastics including plastic bags and expired and unused medications which can be recycled at the pharmacy.

While there are many reasons I think Kamloops beats out Kelowna — from our beautiful downtown and Riverside Park to our top-notch ski resort at Sun Peaks, to our exciting hockey team — there appears to be an area in which we are lacking and I am hoping I can prove the ladies wrong on this one.

Gentlemen, you may want to sit down for this. The ladies I meet with in Kamloops, women of varying ages, claim there.

If it takes a battery; we do it! Help Westsyde grads The Westsyde secondary graduation commitee is holding a fundraiser at the Westsyder Pub on April 18 at 7 p. There will be a live auction with a professional auctioneer. All donated items will be auctioned off with proceeds going to the graduation festivities.

Each month, we are taking Kamloops residents on a surprise tour of amazing local restaurants, attractions and surprise sights, with tasty treats along the way. This could also be a great place to meet some new people and learn more about this fantastic city we call home.

If you would like to join in the fun for free, learn more online at tourismkamloops. If you are a happy, single person between the ages of 25 and , contact me by email at holmes wheretheheartis. V1 video analysis. Unlimited Practice time on the day of each lesson. All levels of ability welcome. Full swing and putting refresher – take home.

After your lesson, join the group for a relaxing glass of wine, beer or softdrink included April 23, 25 May 15, 22 Take home instructional notes included with all lessons. Lessons designed for those looking to take up the game or sharpen their skills.

Free practice range time 20 minutes before and after each lesson. Property north of Kamloops intended to help first responders and armed forces members cope with post-traumatic stress disorder turned out to be cause for emotional triggers.

Noise from a nearby train crossing was among challenges that led Honour House Society to move its proposed ranch project this past fall to Ashcroft. Honour House opened in in New Westminster, providing free lodging to first responders and armed forces members who are seeking medical treatment and care in the Lower Mainland. De Genova said the project fell through in the fall, with additional. In Ashcroft, the property is acres and has 10 cottages and a main lodge.

It is about 90 per cent completed and a work party will conduct cleanup and minor repairs. The ranch is expected to be ready by this summer.

De Genova said he was initially challenged by a general to open Honour House and he has since been challenged to open houses in every Canadian province. Great offers are in season. The Spring Sales event is here. Choose from select Certified Pre-Owned models with financing starting from as little as 0. Down payment may be required. Vehicle license, insurance, registration and sales taxes are extra. Dealer may lease or finance for less.

Offer may change without notice and cannot be combined with any other offers. Offer ends April 30, Mercedes-Benz Lorem ipsum dolor, Samplestreet 23, Samplecity, Tel 56 78 90, Fax 56 78 90, info sampledealer. Alloy Wheels. Sales prices are plus tax, air tax and freight included in all payments and pricing. Payments based on approved credit. Offer valid while supplies last until April 30 See Kamloops Ford Lincoln for Details. The Y is a trusted charity that believes no child should be denied the opportunity to participate.

We invite you to consider a new way to educate your child, a classical and Christian approach to learning. First Baptist Classical Academy is not government funded, and offers an entirely classical and Christian educational program for elementary students from Kindergarten to Grade 6.

The Y is a trusted charity that believes no child should be denied the opportunity The Y is a trusted charity that believes no child to participate.

Please note: There are no fitness classes, playcare or swim lessons at either Y location during holiday long weekends. The first member must be an adult. All children and dependent students must reside with their parent. Learn new skills while improving your stroke. Drop off: a. Pick up by p. Please ask our teachers for more camp info and registration forms or contact us at for further information.

Competitive Racing Program: If you want to try an exciting sport that is both for individuals and teams then Sprint Canoe and Kayak may be for you. We offer High Performance and Introductory Programs. Masters and Adult Learn to Paddle Programs Through a variety of programs our Club reaches out to all members of the Kamloops community from ages 9 to Most of our participants are interested in developing canoe and kayak skills and just having fun on the water.

This time is designated for seniors to Tuesday come in and Wednesday enjoy the quiet Thursday atmosphere of the pool all to themselves. Swimming lessons occupy most pool Friday Sunday space; there isSaturday limited public use space. There is at least 1 lap lane available. Tot-docks are placed in the pool for little ones to stand in and enjoy the water. Fun toys are available during this time.

Come and get your early morning swim earing Little Swimmers diapers. Extremely limited space for the public. There are NO Public lanes during this time. For the latestintensity schedule, please checkexercise our website: kamloopsy. Done with aquatic flotation belts. All Birthday Packages include 1 hour in the multi-purpose room for cake and presents.

Please note that hot areas remain open to the public during all birthday party bookings. All Birthday Party Fees mush be paid in full at the time of booking. Whether it is bonding with friends on field trips, swimming, playing sports, or simply enjoying time outdoors, Day Camps create life long memories.

Caleb Castagna, who plays Carmine DeLuca in Farce of Nature, said the students have never done something so extreme and have so far had a great time staging the plays. Audiences can expect to see a professional level production from these students. Both shows are at the Rachel Ball Theatre at Westsyde secondary and curtain time is p. Tickets are available in the office or by phone at Audiences are encouraged to come to both shows for the best experience.

West Coast Amusements will stop by Kamloops and bring with it a number of classic carnival rides and stands that will be set up in the Aberdeen Mall parking lot.

Hours are dependent on weather and attendance, but are currently set to go until 10 p. The production is a collection of comedies written by Cayman Duncan. Tickets are available through the Kamloops Live box office, Lorne St.

Local country music trio Tennessee Walker will play an acoustic show at Tumbleweed Lounge. The trio is currently working on its debut album after forming last summer. The Kamloops Social Club is hosting a community dance. Organizers have carefully curated a list of local vendors who will soon appear at the spring craft market.

More than 20 vendors. Friday: pm Saturday: pm, pm Sunday: pm, pm Monday: pm Tuesday: pm Wednesday: pm. Monday – Sunday before p. Admission price includes applicable taxes, with the exception of admission and concession packages e. He once had tea with Queen Elizabeth II. He grew up during the Second World War in Japan and stood in the ashes of Hiroshima after the atomic bomb dropped in But it was his career as a radio broadcaster for the BBC in London that, as his health was failing, allowed him to finally talk to his son.

The two connected over the microphone — just as his father did with those he interviewed and just as Tetsuro had during his tenure as a CBC Radio broadcaster. In , Tetsuro debuted Empire of the Son in Vancouver, just three weeks following the death of his father.

It was just three weeks after the death of his father, upon whom the play is based. The play opens in Kamloops on April Tetsuro said at some point he. So for their sake, he began a series of interviews with. The interviews found further purpose when Tetsuro started work on his doctorate at the University of British Columbia — which he recently defended successfully.

His father had said no to being a research subject before, but with his fellowship coming to an end and student loans piling up, Tetsuro knew it was a make or break moment and built up the courage to ask again.

Knowing he might not have the courage to revisit the matter, Tetsuro asked his father why he agreed to the interviews that led to the play. Tickets are available at the venue through the Kamloops Live box office, or online at kamloopslive.

Two new exhibits recently began showing at the Kamloops Art Gallery. In the central gallery, find Presences by Samuel Roy-Bois, featuring sculpture, photography and installation. His work will be on display. The Kamloops-based artist has created large etchings of life-size scythes as stand-ins of each of the oldest daughters in three generations of her family. The scythe has a literal his-. Four Oldest Daughters shows until June The KAG will also host its annual general meeting on April Tickets at Kamloops Live!

Precocious to the point of being pugnacious, our petite prognosticator is almost perfectly perspicacious.

She also includes reflections of Marie Curie and even Wednesday Adams. The two may have made it home, but parts of their psyche have been irre-. It also has a much-higher-than-average number of murders that makes it perfectly suited for our prepubescent protagonist. The newly formed Arthur W.

Dogger and associates have just been officially employed for the first time, giving Flavia an opportunity. But quickly, their client dies mysteriously, seemingly poisoned. Flavia is of course not deterred, pursuing the initial case and this new mystery with equal vigor. Doggedly, Flavia and Dogger delve into a clue that appears to have a connection to smuggling, only to find out that that red herring was but the first of many. Somehow our irrepressible sleuth will win the day.

The Flavia de Luce mysteries have won numerous awards of note for the genre, including the Ellis, the Agatha and the Dagger. Indeed the title of the book is derived from a gloomy sonnet by Shakespeare, in which he references the practice extant at the time of harvesting the resplendent hair of the freshly-deceased for wigs for actors and others.

Sadly, it seems as though this may be the final novel in the series. This collection of cozies is not to be missed for fans of character-driven mysteries. She invites you to stop by for morning coffee and cake: am – am Friday, April 12th At O. Parish Centre, North Shore Please no gifts. Stormy Daniels is coming to Kamloops. The award-winning porn actress who wrote a tell-all book about her encounter with U.

Her book, Full Disclosure, was released in October Daniels shot to mainstream fame after she came forward claiming she had an affair with Trump in Tickets are not yet on sale and no further details of the event have been released. Monument for wildfire volunteers to be unveiled The monument to volunteers during the wildfires will be unveiled in downtown Kamloops on Friday morning. The wildfires in the B. Interior led to thousands of people being evacuated from their hometowns, with Kamloops a destination for a large portion of those people.

After a call for artists, three designs were chosen by a panel. The artists say the piece is an expression of support created through the kindness of helping fellow neighbours. Lend a Hand will be unveiled on.

The first male is described as wearing a black and grey zipped sweater, blue jeans, red shoes and a dark-coloured ball cap. The second male is described as being First Nations, he was wearing a black hoodie, black pants and a black ball cap. If you can have any information that could help identify the people in the photo, call Crime Stoppers at TIPS Use of Stolen Credit Cards Overnight on April 7th a vehicle was broken into and a wallet stolen that was inside.

Later that day, credit cards from the stolen wallet were used at various convenience stores. The male suspect is described as being Caucasian, he was wearing a red jacket, blue jeans and a light-coloured ball cap.

On February 4th, a wallet was lost. Later that day, credit and bank cards from this lost wallet were used at numerous convenience stores in Kamloops. The male suspect is described as Caucasian, has a full beard, brown hair, he was wearing a blue coat with a hood, a dark-coloured toque and blue jeans.

Friday at 11 a. Remember, Crime Stoppers just wants your information, not your name. People featured are wanted on arrest warrants not vacated as of 3 p. Of the upcoming seven days, Palm Sunday once again reminds the Christian church of the difficult. What thoughts surged through the minds of the people that day will never be known fully.

Those who loved him were stunned and horrified at the rapid pace. They still looked for something to take place that would relieve this gentle man of his suffering, but each moment that passed decreased the likelihood. Those who had never made a decision concerning him, but had seen the loaves and the fish and other. Brought to you by the Kamloops Unitarian Fellowship.

For more information and upcoming schedule, please visit www. The soldiers who cared nothing for all this sat down beneath the shadow of this dying man to gamble for the last vestige of his belongings.

But over it all hung a question that even his enemies asked silently to themselves: Why would this man die? Two of the condemned had committed crimes that were known, but this man had really done nothing.

Insistently, we ask this question even today. Via Dolorosa, or the Way of the Cross, was reality because Jesus was such a good man. We have our little mottos that say virtue brings rich rewards and honesty is the best policy, but in fact we are forced to admit these things do not work out in everyday living to our material advantage. Taiko may be a globalized tradition, but I ask how, where, and why that happened.

Second, I address Asian American memory and community building in the troubled context of corporate multiculturalism in the backyard of the entertain- ment industry. It is no coincidence that taiko moves around the world as easily and nonarbitrarily as anime, video games, and manga.

Taiko has expanded precisely because this is the historical moment when US neoliberalism has been normalized and the Pacific Rim is simply assumed to be an open field of exchange. Drawing from sound studies, I consider how taiko fills space with sound and operational- izes the formation of bodies politic. Cultural sustainability is nominally about tradi- tional practices but is really about community survival. Taiko is in no danger of disappearance, but as with all intangible cultural heritage, the question is how its communities of practice are defined and how they expand, contract, or vanish.

I also address the work of music, including improvisation and generating new repertoire. Sixth and by no means least, I listen to the cultural politics of emotion in taiko Ahmed I have encountered few musics as profoundly about energy, joy, and passion. Having written that—and acutely aware that taiko is hardly unique in the ways it lifts, carries, and sustains people both collectively and individu- ally—I ask how and why taiko practitioners and audiences feel so deeply.

Emotion is political. This book is shaped by these questions. Though I have separately enumerated them, they percolate throughout the book, surfacing and then resubmerging.

No chapter is devoted to only one of these issues. Always I ask how taiko is a political project. It is hard not to notice that some taiko players, taiko groups, and taiko scholars deny or ignore how taiko is an Asian American political project.

People may first encounter taiko in a Hollywood commercial film, at a Japanese American Buddhist temple, in an arcade game, at a world music festival, on a col- lege campus, in a car advertisement, at a multicultural civic festival, at a corporate reception, at the NATC or the World Taiko Gathering, or on YouTube.

Taiko is a leisure activity for many of its North American practitioners, pur- sued in the hours outside a job or classes. Is it a First World practice, and does its dissemination signal a desire for a certain kind of class politics? Taiko seems so quaintly and dynamically folkloric, yet its cultural specificity is inextri- cably interlaced with cosmopolitan ideologies about global circulation.

Why has such a specifically Japanese form of performance traveled so far, and why is it pursued so passionately by such a broad range of practitioners, from those with Japanese heritage to those with no direct Japan connection at all? Taiko is far from alone in this: certain kinds of music and dance are practiced on a world stage, but such movement is never arbitrary.

That form is an accumulation of sonic and visual ethnic indicators. Beyond its splendid visuality, its sonic form is instantly parsed: the sound of many drums floods through any space, whether indoors or out. The cosmopoetics of taiko is based in a hardening of form that, at its most unthoughtful, allows for playful expansion but carries the terms of its own privi- leged First World, leisure-class empowerment. Indeed, it is precisely the hardening of form that makes taiko so instantly recognizable and nameable.

Although kumi- daiko is irrefutably hybrid and has been since its postwar emergence in the hands of a Japanese jazz drummer, its practitioners often assert its authenticity, couched in a First World longing for a preindustrial moment outside history. I argue that one cannot address the epic expansion of kumi-daiko without referring over and over again to the original wound of the Japanese American incarceration.

I argue that taiko is well into a process of deterritorialization and destratification that reflects its location in late capitalist circuits of dissemination in precisely the manner posited by Deleuze and Guattari Both inside and outside Japan, taiko groups proliferate, but its practitioners generally sidestep fraught matters of class, commoditization, own- ership, and mediatization.

The Japanese American organizations that have sup- ported the growth of the North American kumi-daiko scene are intensely focused on autodocumentation for just that reason.

I deploy ethnography to address this process, focusing on specific people, places, and moments to understand how kumi-daiko is becoming less tied to place.

Some, like K-pop, were practically designed to do so. The relationship between late capitalist racial fantasy and commodified heritage is precisely what makes taiko so uncontrollably popular, rendering replication easy and relying on Asian American practitioners as willing accomplices.

I acknowledge that I have an incomplete understanding of wadaiko tradi- tional drumming in Japan , a California-centric understanding of the scene, and no training in the Japanese language. My commitment to ground-level participa- tory ethnographic work is both a strength and a limitation. My strengths include thirteen years — of passionate, immersive engagement in the South- ern California taiko scene as a student and performer with the TCLA; five study trips to Japan under the guidance of my taiko teacher Rev.

The problem is that taiko means too much. Scholarship on performance must exceed the limits of any given medium Denzin The loud physicality of taiko begs for the thing itself, but any research on performance should push at the limits of the page. The transla- tive act of moving from performance to thinking about it is literally and inevita- bly mediated, and different media create different ways of thinking.

Humanities scholars have privileged one medium—the word. I was shaped fundamentally by the s humanistic turn in anthropology that involved embracing the word, so I have no desire to leave it behind, but I believe a more restless attention to dif- ferent media could reenergize ethnomusicology and related performance-based disciplines.

Open-access and open-source work are the foundation of public scholarship. As mentioned above, a handful of taiko and bon-odori leaders have created open-source pieces with great intention, working toward a certain vision of community founded on collabora- tion and anticommodity processes.

I am beholden to their model: they fashion works meant to live in the community and to travel far. I have learned from them and emulate them here. All faults and inaccuracies are mine, but I want this book to be available as widely as possible, and the open-source digital format offered by University of California Press is thus deeply appealing to me.

The Japanese American taiko community is intensely inclined toward self- documentation and self-narrative—even self-mythologizing. The institution- alization of the history of the Japanese American incarceration —45 is the result of a successful political project to reclaim who gets to relate history Creef Documentation and reading the past-as-documented are ubiquitous in the Japanese American community. When I use my own video camera or audio recorder to document events or to conduct interviews, I almost always feel redun- dant and as if I have somehow become part of a larger commemorative project whose terms I never agreed to.

I document objects and interlocutors who have already been historicized and incorporated into a broad narrative. This ethnographic study is thus already mediatized. The digital is no mere accompaniment to this book, nor simply a place to store rich media. The best multimedia books are significantly different from hard-copy or even e-books. While images should not necessarily replace words as the domi- nant mode of research or representation, they should be regarded as an equally meaningful element of ethnographic work.

I assume that all parts of this environment are constituted through media practices—that there is no distinction between the thing itself and its mediated representation. I wrote and designed this book in a mostly linear mode: my arguments build on one another as the book proceeds. Reading changes all the time; some of you may read one chapter and nothing else; others may skip around to the parts you most care about. The sociologists Bella Dicks and Bruce Mason , 2. As a discipline, ethnomusicology has struggled with both those challenges.

Ethnomusicologists have yet to address an additional problem: the literal absence of sound in our scholarship. One could say that this broad problem faces all scholarship of the live—the thing itself shudders and disappears. It is so ephemeral that we spend considerable critical energy creating an object that will permit sustained attention. We are fixed on two mechanisms: reading a process thoroughly imbedded in a noetics of the printed word and the visual cultures that followed and the act of translating across media.

Refashioning the thing-that-is-studied is second nature to us; we do it almost automatically. A serious critical multimedia scholarship is the single most unique and important thing performance scholars could offer to the humanities. By plac- ing performance at the center of our critical gestures, we could fashion some- thing profoundly different. I imagine a multimedia ethnomusicology along the following lines: 1.

The modalities will change con- tinually. We must focus on what we aim to do, and assume that the means will continually change, often radically.

We could engage with our material and our interlocutors in a more playful, creative, respect- ful, and commanding manner via nontextual media. The two most radical epistemological discontinuities offered by digital publica- tion are the break with linearity and the intensified interaction between writer and reader.

Most scholarly electronic publications indulge in neither. Quite a few electronic journals have enlivened the scope of scholarly music publications. Most are simply full of text, with an occasional graphic illustration or streaming audio file; to put it another way, they feature lightly enhanced text.

I am also influenced by the anthropologist Shelly Errington and her course on multimedia ethnography at the University of California, Santa Cruz. My multimedia ethnography attempts to resituate the place of representational practices in our interpretive practice.

The crisis of representation has paralyzed ethnomusicologists, and we simply must step up to the terms of a Baudrillard- ian mediasphere. As ethnographers, we must wade into it and make its terms our own.

Ethnography will become increasingly quaint and irrelevant if its noetics are severely text centered; we cannot remain mired in the unidirectional quandary of How do I represent them?

Performance-centered research has the potential to create new intersubjective relationships, but this will happen only if we urge it to overrun our expectations. I have tried to call forth that excess of hope here.

You are welcome to buy a hard copy of this book, but I hope you will read it online, in fits and starts. I hope you will click on a link to a photo or a video and allow it to stream as you read so that my words and the movements run into each other. If you are a scholar, I hope you will hear how deeply inter- and intratextual my ideas are, built on the fine work of other antiracist writers. I have felt you beside me for all the many years I have spent writing this book.

You are my touchstone, my comrade, and my ethical base. I owe you. I hope at least some of your finest experiences have been or will be like mine, and if you are driven by the sweat and rumble half as fast toward utopian hope as I was, well then, my work here is done.

Transition Don DON! Taiko players know what don means, whether trained in Japan, in North America, or elsewhere. By itself, just the one syllable, it means a strong right- handed bachi strike on either a chudaiko or an odaiko. Not on a shime: that would be ten, not don. Of course, the left hand can also play don, but by itself the syllable implies an emphatic, assertive leading right-hand strike.

You might well hear it as the last stroke at the end of oroshi, the dramatic drum roll that ends many pieces: the right and left hands alternate, starting very slowly, then gradually speeding up, then gradually slowing down again, and that final right-hand strike comes down only after a ki-filled pause and perhaps a sustained kakegoe e.

The mnemonic don is part of an extensive system for vocalizing music, often for pedagogical purposes. Although some of its meaning is contextual, each syllable may indicate several parameters at once: duration, volume, which kind of drum is being played, which part of the drum is being struck. Don doro-doro-doro, for instance, is a quarter note followed by six eighth notes, played in the center of the drumhead of either a chudaiko or an odaiko.

Ten teke-teke-teke is, again, the same rhythm but played on a shime daiko, with the bachi striking the center of the drumhead. A wide range of syllables indicate rests, including su, ho, sa, and iya. Silence is dynamic but often filled. The body, the voice, and the mouth kuchi usually come first. Kuchijamisen is the system of onomatopoetic syllables used to teach koto the thirteen-stringed zither , though the term suggests it derives from shamisen jamisen playing Adriaansz , 41— As I noted in the introduction, the compound word pika-don is a powerful example of a don sound that is now irrevocably part of the Japanese histori- cal soundscape.

Curious, I asked some friends and colleagues, mostly ethnomusicol- ogists and all specialists in Japanese culture, What other things make a don sound?

Or rather, taiko tells us something about the affective world of Japanese and Japanese American sound. I reflect here on the dialogic relationship between that affective soundworld and kumi-daiko.

Sound and listening are interconstitutive, and languag- ing about sound constructs what we hear. If sound appears as particularly disseminated across different modes of inscription and textualities it is because, located between the worldly sound source from which it emanates and the ear that apprehends it, the sonorous manifests a particular form of spectrality in its acoustics.

Significantly, it creates a dialogical space for how taiko players hear themselves. Thunder makes the sound gorogoro until it strikes the ground, at which point it sounds like don. Don, don, don is also spe- cifically the sound of rain associated with thunder. Don is a deep resonant percus- sive sound, like knocking on a thick wall or door.

A light knock on a door is ton ton, but if no one answers, your next knock might go don don don, with a deeper reverberation and more intent. Don implies something sudden with a powerful impact. When things collide—cars crashing together don to butsukaru or waves slamming against the shore—it sounds like don. A heavy kitchen knife repeat- edly slicing or dicing something goes dondondon. Don also suggests something deliberate.

Don signals resolve or confidence and can be used as a nononomatopoetic adverb, describing forward motion or progress while walking.

In Japanese teenage film and television dramas, a male love interest may corner a girl and perform the kabe-don, a move where he slams one palm into the wall behind her—don! Don implies a deep dark timbre. In Kabuki, snow falling softly is depicted soni- cally by playing don don don on the odaiko. Japanese audiophiles may refer to don-shari sound, produced by loudspeakers with a heavy low tone and bright high tone.

Don refers to the low tone and shari the high tone, and don-shari speak- ers are suitable for jazz but not classical music. Satomi Oshio2 noted that don sometimes describes a low, faint sound in several traditional music mnemonic systems: when a tsuzumi makes a single weak sound, it mnemonically goes don. She also observed that don suggests a correlation between register and timbre: on shamisen, the sound of the open first string the thickest and lowest in register is don, whereas the second string goes ton, and the third, highest string goes ten.

A taiko playing don don DON is part of a sonic world of large emphatic forces. Such objects become sticky, or saturated with affect, as sites of personal or social tension. Does a taiko sound like don, or were taiko made to evoke don- ness? How does don make us feel? How does our understanding of the world make us hear don-ness in certain ways? Don is a sound of power, or a powerful sound, or a signal that power is present. Apparently, don is a feeling as much as a sound.

The sound of don assigns the feeling of power to things and people. The spectacle of taiko is shaped by powerful ideologies even as it some- times challenges them. The ephemerality of music poses a series of analytical challenges.

The sound of music is a moving presence that refuses to be pinned down for examination or revisitation. What can be examined are representations of sound—notated music or recordings, for instance—and there are many, many ways to analyze or to interpret those objects; indeed, entire fields are devoted to those projects e.

Some ethnomusicologists choose to focus on music as sound alone—that is, they spend their careers focused on the notes, the sounds, and trying to under- stand the relationships between rhythms, melodies, repertoires, and the like—but such ethnomusicologists are presently few in number.

Most of us end up consider- ing far more than the sound of music: we tend to believe that music makes sense only if you understand its relationship to political structures, religion, history, gender and sexuality, local and global economies, environment, social aesthetics. One might ask why ethnomusicologists seem concerned about so much besides the music.

I am deeply distrustful of traditional music analysis, even though I know my sweeping generalization ignores the spectrum of possibilities presented by the field of con- temporary music theory. The things I want to understand about taiko music are fundamentally at odds with the principles and ideologies of music analysis. Naturally, I am profoundly affected by musical sound, but the music itself is never just the sounds or the notes. Taiko forces me to address musi- cal sound because it is that and so much more.

So the challenge is how we can address musical sound without activating all the old moves that objectify it. Taiko is noise as well as music. While this is true of all music, percussion more easily spills over from one social category to the other. These technical and acoustic properties are also wonder- fully metaphorical. I am certain audiences and performers are so thrilled by outdoor percussion traditions like samba, samulnori, and taiko because these powerfully activate the sound-body-environment relationship.

The uncontrollable spread of the sound through bodies and neighborhoods suggests something a bit dangerous even as we delight in its careful arrangement into rhythms. Avant-garde twentieth-century musics intentionally driven toward noise were often exploring futurist modes that rearranged the relationship between the body and agency, subjectivity, and experience. Noise has long played a key role in popular musics, and rock as a sprawling family of genres has long featured noise, from overloaded electrified timbres to noise rock as a genre.

Similarly, Kenneth Igarashi has explored how cer- tain traditions of free improvisation are continually resituated as noise, and how noise as an intentional genre developed accepted practices in the late s and early s in New York City and the San Francisco Bay Area.

Audiences, musi- cians, and sound engineers have complicated learned processes for identifying noise, filtering it out, or rejecting it.

The inability to block out the sound of taiko—to silence it—can prompt extreme responses. Many years ago on my campus, in the middle of an end-of-quarter outdoor taiko class recital, a faculty member burst out of her nearby classroom, rushed over to Rev. She lost it, you could say, and I was struck by how the noise shook her loose from any polite or reasoned response.

If Rev. Tom had been wearing a tuxedo, she probably would not have so easily claimed the right to shout at him while he was in the middle of leading a performance.

It is generally assumed in the Western art music tradition that music is notated, that that notation is prescriptive i. When Rev. Tom, and according to the etiquette of the taiko world, each group plays only pieces that its members created together, that their teacher created, that they received directly from another teacher, or that are explicitly known as open source.

Tom: no taiko player would play it without acknowledging that it came from Rev. Was Rev. The simplest answer is yes, but the conceptual field defining a composer is historically, culturally, and ideologi- cally complex.